The concept of conservation dates back to antiquity, although at that time it was largely limited to the restoration of buildings and sculptures that had already been revered. In the Roman world, for example, emperors took charge of the reconstruction of temples and public monuments, not just as a matter of national pride but also to reaffirm their power. However, the modern notion of conservation and restoration, as we understand it today, began to take shape during the Renaissance, a period that marked a profound shift in how European cultures related to their past. In this context, the rediscovery of classical antiquity was a fundamental driving force that led to a renewed interest in architectural remains and works of art.
One of the most significant milestones in the history of heritage restoration occurred in the 19th century, a period characterized by nationalist fervor and a growing historical consciousness. In this context, the first theories of conservation were developed, often linked to figures such as Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in France, who advocated the idea that restoration should be a creative process that allowed not only for repair but also for the completion of what was once there.